Thursday, August 21, 2008
prevention of ARD:
- do not administer a drug unless there is an indication
- ask patient if he/she is consuming any other drugs such as health supplements and herbal medications
- age, hepatic and renal diesease affects the metabolism or excretion of the drugs
- use a familiar drug whenever possible
- prescribe a few drugs as possible
- warn about the serious side effects
Drugs affecting the ANS
adrenergic agonist: adrenaline
- aplha 1 effects will b vasoconstriction thus resulting in increase of BP
- aplha 2 effects will b lipolysis, gluconenogenesis. bladder contract, pupils dilate
- beta 1 effects will b incease the force and contractility of the heart
adrenergic agonist: salbutamol
affects beta 2 whereby they will b brocodilation, relax of bladder muscles
fuck so many for adrenergic agonist.. i donno wat else to type
adrenergic antagonist: alpha will b prazosin
prazosin: use to treath BPH and hypertension
side effects: syncope (fainting spells), postural hypotension, need to lie down after first dose
propanolol: beta adrenergic antagonist
used for treatmenr of hypertension and prophylaxis against angina
side effects: bronchoconstriction, bradycardia
cholinergic agonist: bethanechol
used for urinary retention due to neurogenic bladder
side effects: urinary urgency, diarrhoea, miosis (ocular effects: blurred vision)
cholinergic antagonist: atropine
reduce secretions
side effects: urinary retention, ocular effects, constipation
NSAIDS: aspirin (1st generation) blocks both COX 1 and COX 2
antipyreptic, anti-inflammatory, anti platelet
inidications: rheumatoid arthritis, acute injury with inflammation, decrease incidence of ischemic attack
side effects: GI problem, nephrotoxic, CNS
take with meals
Steroidal anti-inflammatary drugs: Predisolone ( take in the mrn with meals)
indications: rheumatoid arthritis
side effects: hyperetension, fluid retention, hypokalemia, increase of weight, hirsutism
antibiotics
inhibits cell wall synthesis: penicillin, cephalosporins, vancomycin
inhibits proteins synthesis: aminogylcoside, macrolides, tetracyclines
inhibits nucleic acid systhesis: quinolones, sulphamides, rifampicin
penicillin: amoxycillin (broad spectrum but more towards gram +ve)
indications: urinary tract infections
side effects: GIT, neuro, nephro, cholestatic jaundice
cephalosporins: ceftriazone (rosephine, broad spectrum 3rd gen. resistant to most cephalosporinase)
indications: urinary tract infection
side effects: GIT, neuro, avoid consumin alcohol- disulfiram like reactions
must note that patients who are allergic to penicillin also have high tendency to be allergic to cephalosporins
vancomycin
indications: treatment of MRSA, treatment of antibiotic associated diarrhoea
side effects: red man syndrome, ototoxic, nephrotoxic, thrombophlebtis
aminogylcosides: gentamicin (-ve broad spectrum)
acts synergistically with penicillin and cephalasporins
indications: biliary tract infection, endocarditis
side effects: ototoxic, nephrotoxic, hypersenstitivity
MUST NOTE THAT AMINOGLYCOSIDES HAVE A LOW THERAPUTIC INDEX
macrolides: erythromycin (broad spectrum)
indications: pneumonia
side effects: nausea, vomitting, cholestatic jaundice
give before food
fluroquinolones: ciprofloxacin
indications: urinary tract infections
side effects: photosensitivity, GIT, nephrotoxic, arthropathy
metronidazole (flagyl)
indications: prophylaxis during abdominal surgery, treatment of antibiotic associated diarrhoea
side effects: GIT, metallic taste, disulfiram like reaction
tetracyclines: doxycline (broad spectrum antibiotic)
indications: acne
side effects: photosensitivity, GIT, liver and renal toxicity
ok tats all for antibiotics.. my lappy goin to die
toodles
Labels: i hope i do well for tmr paper
perspective
6:43 PM
